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PECB ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック	出題範囲
トピック 1	Conducting an ISO 45001 audit: This section of the exam measures the skills of Lead Auditors and covers the execution of an ISO 45001 audit. It focuses on gathering evidence, interviewing personnel, and assessing compliance with OHSMS requirements during the audit process.
トピック 2	Managing an ISO 45001 audit program: This section of the exam measures the skills of Audit Managers and covers the management of an ongoing ISO 45001 audit program. It focuses on scheduling audits, maintaining auditor competency, and ensuring continuous improvement within the auditing process. One skill to be measured is implementing strategies for effective audit program management.
トピック 3	Fundamental audit concepts and principles: This section of the exam measures the skills of Internal Auditors and covers the basic concepts and principles related to auditing an OHSMS. It focuses on understanding audit types, methodologies, and the role of audits in compliance and improvement. One skill to be measured is conducting effective audits to assess OHSMS performance.
トピック 4	Domain 4: Preparing for an ISO 45001 audit: This section of the exam measures the skills of Audit Consultants and covers the preparation process for conducting an ISO 45001 audit. It emphasizes planning, resource allocation, and establishing audit objectives to ensure a thorough evaluation.

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PECB Certified ISO 45001 Lead Auditor Exam 認定 ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor 試験問題 (Q20-Q25):

質問 # 20
Aitchandness inc, manufactures safety footwear and other items of personal protective equipment (PPE). The organisation applied for ISO 45001 certification, and after the initial certificate audit, the certificate body decided that the audit team leader should carry out a follow-up audit to determine whether the non-conformities could be closed out.
A major non-conformity was raised at Stage 2 because of inadequate storage and handling of chemical used in the production process. Minor non-conformities related to retaining documentation, staff safety training and inadequate testing of emergency procedures.
Select four of the actions which the auditor could take at the follow-up audit to determine the effectiveness of corrective action for the non-conformities.

A. Check that the safety data sheets associated with the chemical being used where checked for completeness.
B. Interview the OH&S Manager to determine whether additional health and safety objectives have been established.
C. Ask to review the latest emergency response drill report to check whether the revised emergency response process is fit for purpose
D. Check whether documented procedures for the revised processes have been signed off by the OH&S Manager.
E. Ask whether the organization's internal audit schedule was revised to included more audit associated with the storage and handling of chemicals.
F. Interview staff to see whether they have received training in the revised emergency response procedures.
G. Determine whether an updated risk assessment has been carried out on the revised chemical storage and handling processes.
H. Inspect the relevant areas to check whether chemical were being stored and handled in a safe manner.

正解：C、D、G、H

解説：
Follow-up audits verify that corrective actions have been implemented effectively and address the root cause of the nonconformities.
Analysis of Options:
A . Review the latest emergency response drill report:
Correct. This verifies whether emergency response processes are functional and effective.
B . Check if the internal audit schedule was revised:
Incorrect. While beneficial, this is not directly related to closing out the nonconformity.
C . Check safety data sheets for completeness:
Incorrect. While this ensures compliance, it is not directly related to verifying corrective actions.
D . Check if revised procedures were signed off:
Correct. This confirms that changes were properly documented and approved.
E . Determine whether an updated risk assessment was carried out:
Correct. Risk assessments confirm the effectiveness of new controls.
F . Inspect areas for safe chemical storage and handling:
Correct. Direct observation ensures that corrective actions are implemented effectively.
G . Interview staff on revised emergency procedures:
Incorrect. While important, this does not directly address the effectiveness of corrective actions for chemical storage.
H . Interview the OH&S Manager about additional objectives:
Incorrect. This is unrelated to the specific nonconformities raised.
ISO Reference:
Clause 10.2.2: Verification of corrective actions.
Clause 8.1.2: Hazard identification and controls.

質問 # 21
An audit team leader arrives at a steel fabrication organisation that manufactures stairways to carry out a Stage2 certification audit. At a meeting with the OHSMS Manager, she is told that they have won their biggest contact from a construction organization to manufacture and install stairways.
During the audit, a team member found that several employees had suffered hand injuries over several months due to handrail welds not being property polished. The OHSMS Manager blames the new employees they had to take on because of the big contract. The auditor raises a nonconformance against clause 10.2 erf ISO 45001.
In relation to the nonconformity raised by the auditor and in line with the policy of the certification body, the audit team raise improvement opportunities in the audit report.
Which three of the options would represent acceptance opportunities for improvement in the report?

A. All workers should be given competence test.
B. The requirement for wearing protective gloves could be extended to shop floor workers across all operations.
C. A quality control programme could involve non-destructive testing of the welded handrails
D. The induction programme for new employees could include an awareness training video in health and safety.
E. Operational planning activities may benefit from an improved risk based approach based on international standards tor risk management.
F. Additional internal audits of the OHS management system may reduce production problems.
G. A first aid station could be located next to the handrail polishing operation.
H. The molding polishers should be disciplined for Incompetency.

正解：B、D、E

解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Opportunities for improvement (OFIs) are suggestions provided during audits that do not indicate nonconformities but are aimed at enhancing the system's performance.
Analysis of Options:
A . A quality control program could involve non-destructive testing of the welded handrails:
While beneficial, this focuses on product quality rather than OH&S improvements.
B . Operational planning activities may benefit from an improved risk-based approach based on international standards for risk management:
Correct. Enhancing risk-based thinking aligns with Clause 6.1.1.
C . A first aid station could be located next to the handrail polishing operation:
While useful, first aid station placement is an operational matter, not directly related to OH&S management system improvement.
D . Additional internal audits of the OHS management system may reduce production problems:
Internal audits should address system performance, not production problems.
F . The induction program for new employees could include an awareness training video on health and safety:
Correct. Enhanced training for new employees addresses Clause 7.2 (competence).
G . The requirement for wearing protective gloves could be extended to shop floor workers across all operations:
Correct. This improves hazard control in line with Clause 8.1.2.
H . The molding polishers should be disciplined for incompetency:
Disciplinary actions are outside the scope of system improvement.
ISO Reference:
Clause 6.1.1: Risk management.
Clause 7.2: Competence.
Clause 8.1.2: Hierarchy of controls.

質問 # 22
Which three of the following ISO 45001 activities require the organisation to emphasise non-managerial workers' participation?

A. Determining how to fulfil legal requirements
B. Determining actions to eliminate hazards
C. Establishing OHS objectives
D. Managing the internal audit programme
E. Determining what needs to be communicated
F. Determining controls on outsourced processes
G. Determining competence requirements
H. Establishing the OHS policy

正解：B、C、H

解説：
ISO 45001 emphasizes the importance of worker participation, particularly non-managerial workers, in developing and improving the OH&S management system. Clause 5.4 outlines specific areas where their involvement is crucial.
Analysis of Options:
A : Determining competence requirements:
Incorrect. Competence requirements are primarily determined by management but may involve feedback from workers.
B : Determining how to fulfil legal requirements:
Incorrect. Management typically handles compliance with legal requirements.
C : Determining controls on outsourced processes:
Incorrect. This is a management responsibility.
D : Managing the internal audit programme:
Incorrect. Workers participate in audits, but managing the program is a management task.
E : Determining what needs to be communicated:
Incorrect. Communication strategies are usually set by management.
F : Determining actions to eliminate hazards:
Correct. Non-managerial workers' input is vital in identifying and eliminating workplace hazards (Clause 8.1.2).
G : Establishing the OHS policy:
Correct. Workers' participation in policy development ensures it is relevant and inclusive (Clause 5.2).
H: Establishing OHS objectives:
Correct. Workers' participation ensures that objectives are practical and aligned with workplace realities (Clause 6.2).

質問 # 23
When calculating an ISO 45001 third party initial audit duration, which two of the following statements are false?

A. Consider the number of functions related to OHS management
B. Include the time allocated for lunch breaks
C. Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location
D. Include outsourced processes
E. Think about the complexity of the organization's business
F. Consider the number of sites to be sampled

正解：B、C

解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Analysis of Each Option:
A . Consider the number of functions related to OHS management.
True.
The number of functions related to OHS management directly impacts the audit duration. More functions require additional time for the auditor to review documentation, processes, and implementation across those areas.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1 (factors affecting audit time).
B . Consider the number of sites to be sampled.
True.
For multi-site organizations, the number of sites to be sampled is critical in calculating audit duration. Sampling requirements are determined using guidelines such as IAF MD 1:2022 and depend on the complexity, size, and risks associated with each site.
Reference: IAF MD 1:2022, Clause 4.2.
C . Include outsourced processes.
True.
Outsourced processes that affect the OHS management system must be evaluated as part of the audit. This includes reviewing the organization's control over such processes. Auditing these aspects impacts the audit duration.
Reference: ISO 45001:2018, Clause 8.1.4 and IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
D . Include the time allocated for lunch breaks.
False.
Lunch breaks are not considered part of the audit duration as they do not contribute to the assessment of the management system. Audit time calculations exclude non-working hours, including breaks.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
E . Incorporate the time taken to travel to/from the audit location.
False.
Travel time is excluded when calculating the audit duration. While travel logistics are considered in audit planning, they do not count towards the total audit time.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.5.
F . Think about the complexity of the organization's business.
True.
The complexity of the organization's business, including the nature of hazards, risks, and legal obligations, significantly affects the audit duration. More complex operations typically require longer audit times.
Reference: IAF MD 5:2020, Clause 2.3.1.
Key ISO and IAF Reference:
ISO 45001:2018: Clause 9.2.2 (Audit Program).
IAF MD 5:2020: "Determination of Audit Time of Quality and Environmental Management Systems." IAF MD 1:2022: "Audit and Certification of Multiple Sites Based on Sampling."

質問 # 24
You are an audit team leader conducting an ISO 45001 surveillance audit of a nautical college that provides course for those working in the maritime sector. The College Principle Is absent, and you are interviewing the Deputy (DP) DP: 1 apologise for the absence of the College Principle. He has called in sick today and we are really short of staff.
You: 1 see, it really should not affect the OHSMS so the audit can progress as normal.
DP: The College principle set up the system. I am afraidi am not as familiar with it as he is.
You: OK, let's start with the OH and S policy. What are the main issues for the OHSMS here?
DP: Give me a minute. I need look at the OH and S Policy on the noticeboard in his office.
As the audit progresses, It is clear that the Deputy College Principle has a very low knowledge of the OHSMS. He continually has to search the answers to your questions or asks staff members about their processes.
Choose one of the following options that best describes the basis for the nonconformity.

A. The Deputy College Principal is not competent to manage the CM ISMS.
B. The OH and S Polity only exists -:s -i document in the Collegeprinciple office.
C. OHSS improvement is riot possible due to the lack of awareness of the OHSMS.
D. As a member of the management team, the Deputy College Principal Is not aware of the OHSMS policy.

正解：D

解説：
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference Clause 5.1 of ISO 45001:2018 requires top management to demonstrate leadership and commitment to the OH&S management system. This includes awareness of the OH&S policy and its objectives.
Analysis of Options:
A . As a member of the management team, the Deputy College Principal is not aware of the OHSMS policy:
Correct. A lack of awareness of the policy reflects poor leadership commitment, which violates Clause 5.1.
B . OH&S improvement is not possible due to the lack of awareness of the OHSMS:
Incorrect. While improvement may be hindered, this is not the main issue in this scenario.
C . The Deputy College Principal is not competent to manage the OHSMS:
Incorrect. The Deputy's competence to manage the OHSMS is not in question; the issue is their lack of awareness of key elements.
D . The OH&S policy only exists as a document in the College Principal's office:
Incorrect. The policy may be accessible but not effectively communicated or understood by management.
ISO Reference:
Clause 5.1: Leadership and commitment.
Clause 5.2: OH&S policy.

質問 # 25
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